پژوهشگران معتقدند زنانی که در جريان اختلافات خانوادگی با شوهران خود وارد جر و بحث می شوند کمتر از ساير زنان در معرض خطر ابتلا به بيماری های قلبی و ساير بيماری های مهلک قرار می گيرند.
نشريه "انجمن قلب آمريکا" گزارش داده است زنانی که در جريان منازعه با شوهر خود سکوت اختيار می کنند چهار بار بيشتر با خطر مرگ ناشی از ناراحتی قلبی مواجه هستند.
به علاوه زنانی که حرفه آنها در بيرون از خانه، زندگی خانوادگی آنها را مختل می کند دو بار بيشتر با خطر ابتلا به بيماری مرگبار قلبی روبرو هستند.
محققان 3700 نفر را طی دوره ای 10 ساله در شهر فرامينگهام در ايالت ماساچوست آمريکا مورد مطالعه قرار دادند.
فشار روانی
تيم مشترک محققان از دانشگاه بوستون و "موسسه اپيدمی شناسی ايکر" در ويسکانسين همچنين دريافت که ازدواج برای مردان مناسب است، چرا که احتمال مرگ مردان متاهل در اثر بيماری قلبی تنها نصف مردان مجرد است.
ايلين ايکر، سرپرست گروه محققان گفت: "معتقديم که آن دسته از مشخصات ازدواج را که بر سلامت و طول عمر افراد تاثير دارند کشف کرده ايم."
مطالعه ديگری به روی 35 هزار زن توسط "مرکز کنترل و پيشگيری از بيماری ها" در شهر آتلانتا، که نتايج آن در همين نشريه چاپ شده است، ارتباط ميان بيماری های قلب و عروق و زندگی حرفه ای را بررسی کرد.
اين مطالعه نشان داد که آن دسته از زنان بيکار که در جستجوی کار بودند بيشترين ميزان ناراحتی های جسمانی را گزارش داده اند، به طوری که يک سوم آنها از فشار خون بالا رنج می بردند و 6 درصد نيز دچار حمله قلبی، سکته مغزی يا درد قفسه سينه شدند.
در اين ميان زنان شاغل سالم تر از بقيه بودند، به طوری که تنها يک پنجم آنها از فشار خون بالا و دو درصد از بيماری های قلب و عروق رنج می بردند.
ناراحتی فشار خون در زنانی که کار نمی کنند و در جستجوی کار نبودند نيز مشابه زنان شاغل بود اما آنها کمی بيش از زنان شاغل دچار ناراحتی های قلب و عروق می شدند.
Friday, February 18, 2005
Monday, February 07, 2005
Vitamins
Eating a wide variety of fruit and vegetables means you're more likely to get all the vitamins and minerals you need. But what are vitamins - and why are they so important to your good health?
Vitamins are organic substances - this means they're found in plants and animals.
Most vitamins can't be made by your body, so they must be sourced from your diet. Vitamin D and the B vitamin niacin are exceptions to this.
Nutritionists have divided vitamins into two groups: fat-soluble and water-soluble.
The fat-soluble vitamins - A, D, E and K - are transported through your body by fat. They can also be stored in your fat and liver cells for a limited period of time.
The water-soluble vitamins - B and C - are absorbed by and transported through your body in water. They need to be eaten every day, as you can't store them for any length of time.
Fat-soluble vitamins
Vitamin Why important? Where found? Daily Recommendation
Vitamin A It looks after your eyes, the lining of your nose, throat and lungs, and your skin cells. Carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, red chillies, tomatoes, 'orange' fruits, such as apricots and mango, and dark green leafy vegetables. 600µg for females, 700µg for males.
Vitamin D It helps your body to absorb calcium, needed to ensure strong bones and teeth. The most important source is the sun, but it's also found in tiny amounts in dairy products, cod liver oil and oily fish. No recommendations as sunlight is the main source.
Vitamin E It fights free radicals - unbalanced molecules that can cause damage to your cells. It also contributes to the healthy condition of your skin. Vegetables, poultry, fish, fortified breakfast cereals, vegetable oils, nuts and seeds. Up to 4mg for adult males and up to 3mg for adult females is considered a safe intake.
Vitamin K It helps your body to make a number of proteins, one of which helps your blood to clot. Dark green leafy vegetables such as Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cabbage, spinach and asparagus. It's also found in soya oil and margarine. 1µg for every kg of body weight is considered a safe intake for both men and women.
Water-soluble vitamins
Vitamin Why important? Where found? Daily Recommendation
B-complex Vitamins They help you to metabolise your food and help your blood cells to form and flow. Green vegetables, whole grains, meat, such as liver, kidneys, pork, beef and lamb, vegetable extracts, nuts and fortified breakfast cereals. Eight vitamins make up the B-complex family:
B1 (Thiamin) - Adult male, 0.9mg. Adult female, 0.8mg.
B2 (Riboflavin - Adult male, 1.3mg. Adult female, 1.1mg.
B3 (Niacin) - Adult male, 17mg. Adult female, 13mg.
B5 (Pantothenic Acid) - 3 to 7mg is considered a safe intake for both sexes.
B6 (Pyridoxine) - Adult male, 1.4mg. Adult female, 1.2mg.
B9 (Folate) - 200 mcg for both adult males and females.
B12 (Cobalamin) - 1.5 µg for both adult males and females.
Biotin - 10-20 µg is considered a safe intake for both sexes.
Vitamin C It helps your body to produce collagen (important for skin and bone structure) and to absorb iron. A wide variety of vegetables and fruit, including spinach, broccoli, tomatoes, strawberries, citrus fruit and potatoes. 40mg for both adult male and female
Vitamins are organic substances - this means they're found in plants and animals.
Most vitamins can't be made by your body, so they must be sourced from your diet. Vitamin D and the B vitamin niacin are exceptions to this.
Nutritionists have divided vitamins into two groups: fat-soluble and water-soluble.
The fat-soluble vitamins - A, D, E and K - are transported through your body by fat. They can also be stored in your fat and liver cells for a limited period of time.
The water-soluble vitamins - B and C - are absorbed by and transported through your body in water. They need to be eaten every day, as you can't store them for any length of time.
Fat-soluble vitamins
Vitamin Why important? Where found? Daily Recommendation
Vitamin A It looks after your eyes, the lining of your nose, throat and lungs, and your skin cells. Carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, red chillies, tomatoes, 'orange' fruits, such as apricots and mango, and dark green leafy vegetables. 600µg for females, 700µg for males.
Vitamin D It helps your body to absorb calcium, needed to ensure strong bones and teeth. The most important source is the sun, but it's also found in tiny amounts in dairy products, cod liver oil and oily fish. No recommendations as sunlight is the main source.
Vitamin E It fights free radicals - unbalanced molecules that can cause damage to your cells. It also contributes to the healthy condition of your skin. Vegetables, poultry, fish, fortified breakfast cereals, vegetable oils, nuts and seeds. Up to 4mg for adult males and up to 3mg for adult females is considered a safe intake.
Vitamin K It helps your body to make a number of proteins, one of which helps your blood to clot. Dark green leafy vegetables such as Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cabbage, spinach and asparagus. It's also found in soya oil and margarine. 1µg for every kg of body weight is considered a safe intake for both men and women.
Water-soluble vitamins
Vitamin Why important? Where found? Daily Recommendation
B-complex Vitamins They help you to metabolise your food and help your blood cells to form and flow. Green vegetables, whole grains, meat, such as liver, kidneys, pork, beef and lamb, vegetable extracts, nuts and fortified breakfast cereals. Eight vitamins make up the B-complex family:
B1 (Thiamin) - Adult male, 0.9mg. Adult female, 0.8mg.
B2 (Riboflavin - Adult male, 1.3mg. Adult female, 1.1mg.
B3 (Niacin) - Adult male, 17mg. Adult female, 13mg.
B5 (Pantothenic Acid) - 3 to 7mg is considered a safe intake for both sexes.
B6 (Pyridoxine) - Adult male, 1.4mg. Adult female, 1.2mg.
B9 (Folate) - 200 mcg for both adult males and females.
B12 (Cobalamin) - 1.5 µg for both adult males and females.
Biotin - 10-20 µg is considered a safe intake for both sexes.
Vitamin C It helps your body to produce collagen (important for skin and bone structure) and to absorb iron. A wide variety of vegetables and fruit, including spinach, broccoli, tomatoes, strawberries, citrus fruit and potatoes. 40mg for both adult male and female
مصرف بيش از حد دارو ايرانی ها را 'تهديد' می کند
مقامات وزارت بهداشت ايران، روز دوشنبه نسبت به مصرف بی رويه و غيرضروری دارو هشدار دادند و گفتند کاربرد غيرمنطقی دارو در ايران، ايرانی ها را تهديد می کند.
گفته می شود که هر ايرانی سالانه 339 عدد دارو مصرف می کند که حدود دو تا چهار برابر استاندارد جهانی است.
گفته می شود که هر ايرانی سالانه 339 عدد دارو مصرف می کند که حدود دو تا چهار برابر استاندارد جهانی است.
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